BROWN, R. E. "Essenes Sadducees - Sanhedrin - Scribes - Zealots. Special Place in the Hebrew Bible, Judaism, and Biblical, Essay 2: Religion in Canada: An Historical Survey, 1500 to the Present, Essay 1: The Development of American Religion: An Interpretive View, Essenes (From the Hebrew'esah, Council or Party), Essex County College: Narrative Description, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/essenes-0, https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/essenes, https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/essenes-0, https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/essenes, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/essenes. The Herodians . Qariyyn), Jewish sect which came into being to, Messiah ." Theology. No solution to the question of the origins of Essenism is likely to emerge from the available sources. Josephus describes the Essenes in passages of several of his books. The Dead Sea Scrolls were most likely written by the Essenes during the period from about 200 B.C. 6 of F. Altheim and R. Stiehl, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Book I (Sects 146) Frank Williams, translator, 1987 (E.J. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/essenes-0, Schiffman, Lawrence "Essenes The Essenes clustered in monastic communities that, generally at least, excluded women. They also professed belief in immortality and divine punishment for sin. Omissions? [22] Although dozens of etymology suggestions have been published, this is the only etymology published before 1947 that was confirmed by Qumran text self-designation references, and it is gaining acceptance among scholars. He further adds that the Essenes ritually immersed in water every morning a practice similar to the use of the mikveh for daily immersion found among some contemporary Hasidim , ate together after prayer, devoted themselves to charity and benevolence, forbade the expression of anger, studied the books of the elders, preserved secrets, and were very mindful of the names of the angels kept in their sacred writings. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"oyySic88TXnOXiqssnc.9cIYUA_jnEMTMjVKWKp19sE-86400-0"}; The site bears less then 10 single room houses set around a . The study by Eyal Regev of Bar-Ilan University examines the architectural plan of Qumran and applies so-called access analysis to map the sites spatial organization in order to uncover the social ideology of the Essenes of Qumran. This figure is unnamed in the scrolls, but has been variously identified with known Essene figures mentioned by Josephus, in particular "Judah the Essene.". Ancient Scribe Links Qumran Scrolls to Masada. Outline [3] Pliny relates in a few lines that the Essenes possess no money, had existed for thousands of generations, and that their priestly class ("contemplatives") do not marry. The Master said that, if a human being ate meat, he could not receive his word., This is utterly False and not the Words of Christ taken from Josephus account. At the time the Pharisees and Sadducees were in conflict with one another as to the correct interpretation of the Law, a body of Jewish devotees were endeavouring to realize its precepts in their daily life. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. By physically dividing up and demarcating spaceswalls, doorways and entrances that are used on an everyday basisthe architecture thereby classifies and controls the movement of people and the spaces they inhabit. hundreds of coins giving terminus ad quem of 1st Cent. For the bread developed by the Essenes, see. F.F. they took the power of mathmatics, philosophy, music , medicine and gave you biblical philosophy. The People of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Bruce, Second Thoughts on the Dead Sea Scrolls. Chapter 3 of Mark, in which Jesus founds the church, is based on the Teacher of Righteousness founding the Essenic community. They also professed belief in immortality and divine punishment for sin. Check it out. the bible is just words, nobody saw anything, but look how powerful the word are. , ELEPHANTINE (Aram. But, unlike the Pharisees, the Essenes denied the resurrection of the body and refused to immerse themselves in public life. It appears that this settlement were highly educated and devoted to the Messianic faith. Their main distinguishing characteristic was a belief in an Oral Law that God gave to Moses at Sinai along with the Torah. [67], John the Baptist has also been argued to have been an Essene, as there are numerous parallels between John's mission and the Essenes, which is why he perhaps was trained by the Essene community. World Encyclopedia. The Essene community ceased to exist in its entirety at the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70. ." It may be generally stated that the various sects of Second Temple Judaism provide important background material for understanding the rise of the new faith. to the first century A.D. Of the three main religious groups mentioned by Josephus (a well known first century Jewish historian), they are the only ones not found directly in Scripture. Grand Rapids, Mich., and Leiden, 1998. Light of the Essenes with all the realms of existence of the Creation: not only the animals, plants and minerals but also the Angels, Archangels and Gods. So, what happen to the Essenes? ." According to Joseph Lightfoot, the Church Father Epiphanius (writing in the 4th century CE) seems to make a distinction between two main groups within the Essenes:[24] "Of those that came before his [Elxai, an Ossaean prophet] time and during it, the Ossaeans and the Nasaraeans. New Catholic Encyclopedia. The Way of the Essenes. All physical artefacts (incl. 70106, argues for the identification of the Essenes with the Dead Sea sect. Other scrolls outline the rules of a community of Jews who lived on the shores of the Dead Sea from about 150 bce to 68 ce. The New Testament does not mention them and accounts given by Josephus, Philo of Alexandria, and Pliny the Elder sometimes differ in significant details, perhaps indicating a diversity that existed among the Essenes themselves. These were the Jewish aristocrats of their day, known as much for their wealth and corruption as for their religious devotion. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. So everybody get up off of your knees look around and wake up from this mental slaverylllllllllllllllllll. 2.8.7) was severely controlled and required a type of novitiate. In fact, some scholars suggest that the Essenes originated as a sect of Zadokites, which would indicate that the group itself had priestly, and thus Sadducaic origins. This schism produced the Essenes who preserved the original name of this group. Sincerely, Tracey. After a preliminary year of observation, the candidate was admitted to the common meals and to the purifications of the group. While they sent voluntary offerings to the Temple, they themselves did not participate in the sacrificial worship there. The settlements of married members were organized on the basis of individual households, with wives and children included in the sect automatically. (historical) A member of a first-century ascetic Jewish sect in ancient Palestine from the second century BCE to the second century CE. They lived a simple life, with little focus on material things. The statements that Philo and Josephus make about the Essenes are often inexact generalizations and need to be reexamined in the light of the Essene documents discovered among the dead sea scrolls (DSS) of Qumran. I. Jesus. This week revisit the Essene belief system, it is important that we know who they are and what they believed. 1q, KARAITES (Heb. They lived lives of separation, piety and celibacy, observed the Sabbath, shunned personal property and did not use money. The DSS, however, show grounds for suspecting considerable indirect influence, which does nothing to destroy the originality of Christianity. This community also had dealings with non-Jews and owned slaves, though detailed accounts of such aspects are not provided. , Serekh ha-Yaad; abbr. 1 Comment. Garca Martnez, Florentino, and Julio Trebolle Barrera. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. For example, James C. VanderKam, "Identity and History of the Community". They lived lives of ritual purity and separation. Qumran and the Essenes: A Re-evaluation of the Evidence. 2.8.5) is still not clear to us, but we know the Qumranites followed a solar calendar and spoke of good and evil in terms of light and darkness. Their fellow Jews (namely, the Sadducees, who also had a lot of influence) were disregarding oral tradition, which the Pharisees believed was handed down directly from God to Moses. Among the supporters of the Machabean revolt of 167 b.c. They seem to have been the channel for preserving and propagating many of the ideas of such apocrypha as Enoch and Jubilees. The Essenes are not mentioned in the Bible or in Talmudic literature but are mentioned in classical sources and are identified as being the Qumran community. In a detailed analysis of the physical spaces of the Qumran community, Regev finds the occupied area is divided into different space segments, each connected to a controlling central passage with minimal connections between segments. The spaces within segments are also minimally connected. Access to most spaces is therefore limited, and several boundaries must be crossed to reach most spaces from any starting point on the site., The large rooms (such as the dining room and the so-called scriptorium) used by the Essenes of Qumran were not easily accessible and were out of view of casual entrants. This, says Regev, means that social encounters between the inhabitants were quite uncommon., From such analyses, Regev concludes that the spaces of the Qumran community reflect an ethos of social segregation, not only between the inhabitants themselves, but, more importantly, between the inhabitants and the outside world., The organization of space at Qumran thus reflects sectarian organization and ideology. Moreover, all this is consistent with the ideology of the famous Community Rule, one of the original intact scrolls. They may (or may not) have established a monastery at Qumran that produced the Dead Sea Scrolls. He relates the same information concerning piety, celibacy, the absence of personal property and of money, the belief in communality, and commitment to a strict observance of Sabbath. The Dead Sea Scrolls have been called the greatest manuscript find of all time. The Manual of Discipline scroll emphasized no women were among Essenes, in any sort of desert sect, yet womens & childrens graves are found beside the Qumran watchtower, in violation of Jewish law. Josephus and Philo report that Essenes were scattered about the cities and villages of Palestine. Less probable are (4) from Heb. They were extremely strict in observing the Sabbath. [] Who Were the Essenes? The Essenes were a Jewish "sect" or school of philosophy with two branches: some were celibate, disdained marriage and adopted children; others believed that marriage and procreation were needed if the group was to continue and not disappear. The end product of the ferment mentioned above, combined with the great revolt of the Jews against Rome and the resulting destruction of the land, was rabbinic Judaism. [32], The accounts by Josephus and Philo show that the Essenes led a strictly communal lifeoften compared to later Christian monasticism. (For subsequent history, see qumran community. Although the interpretation of the Qumran settlement is currently controversial, the site has generally been regarded as according well with the accounts of Essene lifestyle reported in the ancient sources, and this settlement has been understood either as a headquarters or a retreat center for the wider movement (Stegemann), or the home of a group that split off from the main body under the leadership of a figure named in the Qumran scrolls as the "Teacher of Righteousness." There were many who believed in Israel after the resurrection of Christ, and it would not be surprising that many of those were of the Essene sect. only then can we see why they did what they did. The Essenes distrusted the regular sacrifices in the Jerusalem Temple (Ant. . - The fact that he taught techniques, discipline and hygiene of . 2.8.11). Mans words make god of little effect. They have been useful in understanding the history of the Hebrew Bible. You appear to know so much about this, (Paris 1912) 15:101335. Access to 50+ curated Special Collections. 6 ce; Antiquities 17.345348); clearly, the Essenes were known for their prediction of the future. The Essenes, a strict ancient Jewish sect devoted to religious purity and linked to the Dead Sea Scrolls, are one of the most interesting and mysterious religious elements in Judaea around the . ." It has recently been proposed that the halakhah of the Scrolls is similar to that ascribed to Sadducees in the rabbinic literature. An entrance through the south wall of Jerusalem was called the "gate of the Essenes" (War 5.145). ." They were forbidden from swearing oaths and from sacrificing animals. [60], One theory on the formation of the Essenes suggests that the movement was founded by a Jewish high priest, dubbed by the Essenes the Teacher of Righteousness, whose office had been usurped by Jonathan (of priestly but not of Zadokite lineage), labeled the "man of lies" or "false priest". G. Vermes and M.D. (Philo also described a similar sect, the Therapeutae, in On the Contemplative Life. The devotion to scripture, accountability to one another, and pursual of the same . My new book, Secret of the Savior: The Myth of the Messiah in Mark, shows how the Essenes led to Christianity. 23 Feb. 2023 . They have gained fame in modern times due to the discovery of the extensive religious library of religious literature discovered at Qumran and known as the Dead Sea Scrolls. While the classical sources say little about priestly leadership, the Scrolls accord a very important role to the priest-hood in matters of law and of course liturgy; how far they were responsible for the wider governance of the sect is unclear. Jesus is greater than Moses, because while Moses was a servant of God, Jesus is the Son of God ( Heb 3:3-4 ). If, indeed, the Essenes are to be identified with the sect of the Dead Sea Scrolls, then the Qumran evidence may be used to fill in the picture derived from the classical sources. New Catholic Encyclopedia. A certain Simeon the Essene predicted dire circumstances for Archelaus, the son of Herod and ethnarch of Judah (4 bcec. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. [88]:184 Mandaeans have an oral tradition that some were originally vegetarian[75]:32 and also similar to the Essenes, they are pacifists. Sources. 13.5.9) stresses their belief in divine determinism; this may be an exaggeration of the dualistic doctrine found in the DSS. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Four highly acclaimed books, published in conjunction with the Smithsonian Institution: Aspects of Monotheism, Feminist Approaches to the Bible, The Rise of Ancient Israel and The Search for Jesus. But the Essenes were. Such a doctrine, if true, suggests the possibility of the indirect influence of Greek philosophy on the Essenes (see Ant. Studying these spaces can help archaeologists answer the question "Who were the Essenes?" In Who Wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls (1995) Norman Golb shows by social and physical archaeology that Khirbet (ruins of) Qumran had nought to do with the Essenes. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Discipline, Manual of Like the Violent Revolutionary Jesus Hypothesis, it is an attempt to portray Jesus as a human being without the mythical accretions of theological dogma. However, the date of retrieval is often important. about the Savior and the Essenes, I am Certain he did not take his Teachings from the Essenes as some suggest. Then they were allowed to follow their routine and receive "more purifying washings for holiness" but were not yet permitted to take part in the common meals. The Damascus Document describes a looser social structure, with an "overseer" (mevakker) in charge of each "camp" and ideology: corporate activity is less intense, but also subject to similar disciplinary rules. Translated by Wilfred G. E. Watson. The Jains of India are very few in numbers mostly in western Indian states of Rajasthan , Gujarat and Maharashtra. "Essenes According to Josephus, they had customs and observances such as collective ownership. //]]>. Claiming firsthand knowledge, he lists the Essenoi as one of the three sects of Jewish philosophy[4] alongside the Pharisees and the Sadducees. The name "Essenes" comes from , the Greek form that Josephus uses most frequently and that Pliny Latinizes as Esseni. their private property to a common treasury. This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 06:57. Perhaps the most remarkable thing is that the Essene Jesus is restored to us, bringing to life the wise and loving Being who has been obscured by so much doctrine and dogma. Josephus says they made their own sacrifices, but Philo (Quod omnis 75) says that they did not sacrifice animals. About 150 years before the birth of Jesus the Messiah, some of God's people the Essenes established a community in the Judea Wilderness near the northern end of the Dead Sea. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. He criticizes the use of Josephus's accounts of the Essenes to establish the identity of the Qum ran sectarians.3 Masons objections reflect the recent trend in Josephus research that eschews using the historians works as a list of facts to compare with other texts, Contemporary or near-contemporary descriptions are found in *Philo (Every Good Man is Free, Hypothetica), *Josephus (Antiquities and War, including references to individual Essenes), and Pliny the Elder (Natural History). Jesus is greater than the angels, because He is the divine King ( Heb 1:4, 6, 8 ). What social archaeology tells us about the Essenes of Qumran. Why? Updates? Before us, across the flat-calm Dead Sea, the sun rises over the . They abstained from oaths, and blasphemy against God was punishable by death. Essenes were a Jewish sect founded in the 2nd century BCE. Among the numerous theories that have been proposed are the following: (1) the most popular is a derivation from (asidim, "pious"), a name used in i and ii Maccabees of those especially loyal to the Torah (there are also references in rabbinic literature). ." The Sadducees, sometimes historically called "Zadokites" or "Tzedukim," are thought by some to have been founded by a man named Zadok (or Tsadok) in the second century BC. The members of the sect began their day with prayer. [34] According to Josephus, they had customs and observances such as collective ownership,[35][36] electing a leader to attend to the interests of the group, and obedience to the orders from their leader. Many wealthy Jews were Sadducees or sympathized with them. [5], There were multiple minor subsects of the Essenes, including the Hemerobaptists, Bana'im and disputedly the Maghriya. Amazon link: http://amzn.to/14XwpHt. There is no reference to the Essenes in the rabbinic literature, or in the New Testament, though it has frequently been suggested that *John the Baptist was influenced by Essenism since he lived, preached, and baptized beside the Jordan River only a few miles from Qumran. Essenes by Dolores Cannon Eyewitness accounts of the missing years of Jesus. 146. The longer both the Essenes and these manuscripts are studied the more questions arise, such as were the Essenes beliefs []. R. Macuch, "Anfnge der Mander. . The writers who mentioned the Essenes are: Philo, Pliny, Dio Chrysostom, Josephus, Hippolytus and Epiphanius. These documents preserve multiple copies of parts of the Hebrew Bible untouched from possibly as early as 300 BCE until their discovery in 1946. After a years probation, proselytes received their Essenian emblems but could not participate in common meals for two more years. (see hasidaeans.) These documents preserve multiple copies of parts of the Hebrew Bible untouched from possibly as early as 300BCE until their discovery in 1946. Their cult of the sun (B.J. The common meals were of a religious nature. Although drawn from Jewish prophetic texts that spoke about the Day of Judgment,. This description has been taken by many scholars as indicating that the Qumran sect whose library was found at the shore of the Dead Sea is to be identified with the Essenes of Philo and Josephus. [61][62][unreliable source?] They had a rigorous and lengthy system of initiation. Pliny, also a geographer, located them in the desert near the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea, where the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered. By living lives of the strictest ritual purity (for example, they wouldnt use toilet facilities on the Sabbath) they could also hasten the coming of the Messiah, who would overthrow the Romans and establish Gods Kingdom on earth. Is there a politico-religious doctrine at play? 53-54 AD). They carried weapons only for protection against robbers. Not only were ablutions required before the communal meals, but they were also performed after relieving oneself, or after coming in contact with a nonmember or novice. Since the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran in 1947, a consensus has developed that identifies the sect of the scrolls with the Essenes described by Philo and Josephus. It has also been suggested (Murphy-O'Connor) that they had immigrated from Babylonia at about this time or, alternatively (Garca Martnez), that they arose out of the Palestinian Jewish "apocalyptic movement. 5. (February 23, 2023). Their origins are unclear. (Edinburgh, 1979), pp. Each issue of Biblical Archaeology Review features lavishly illustrated and easy-to-understand articles such as: Fascinating finds from the Hebrew Bible and New Testament periods, The latest scholarship by the world's greatest archaeologists and distinguished scholars, Stunning color photographs, informative maps, and diagrams, Reviews of the latest books on biblical archaeology, 45+ years of Biblical Archaeology Review, 20+ years of Bible Review online, providing critical interpretations of biblical texts. In the morning they contemplated the forces (angels) of Nature. Did the Ancient Israelites Think Children Were People? (February 23, 2023). [10][11][12], In several places, however, Josephus has Essaios, which is usually assumed to mean Essene ("Judas of the Essaios race";[13] "Simon of the Essaios race";[14] "John the Essaios";[15] "those who are called by us Essaioi";[16] "Simon a man of the Essaios race"). https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/essenes-0, Mansoor, Menahem; Davies, Philip "Essenes The *Dead Sea Scrolls are widely regarded as belonging to the Essenes and if so they extend our knowledge of them considerably. Macuch, Rudolf A Mandaic Dictionary (with E. S. Drower). In a recent study about the Essenes of Qumran, archaeologist Eyal Regev used the tools of social archaeology to answer the question Who were the Essenes? Photo: Zev Radovan. The Essenes were experts in medicinal roots and the properties of stones, the healing powers of which they claimed to have derived from ancient writings. Essene, IPA: [sin]) were a Judaic religious group that flourished from the second century B.C.E. Some participated in the war against Rome, perhaps seeing this as the final battle. The information in these sources is not always consistent. In the chamber of , the "sin-fearing ones" used to depose their gifts "in secret" and impoverished gentlefolk could help themselves to these gifts, equally in secret. The name given to this Jewish sect is said to be derived from the Greek 'hosios', which means 'holy'. Similar initiation ceremonies exist for both groups, although the procedure described in the classical sources diverges in some respects from that of the Qumran texts. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Those who qualified for membership were called upon to swear piety to God, justice toward men, hatred of falsehood, love of truth, and faithful observance of all other tenets of the Essene sect. The Essenes (sg. Encyclopedia.com. The Essenes were able to maintain their apocalyptic visions and lifestyle until the Great Jewish Revolt of 66 CE. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. [87]:vi,ix Similar to the Essenes, it is forbidden for a Mandaean to reveal the names of the angels to a gentile. No Hebrew cognate appears either in the Dead Sea Scrolls, taken by many scholars to be the writings of this sect, or in rabbinic literature (the Talmuds and midrashim ). First, according to the Essene . Some form of communal ownership of goods was allowed, apparently more complete in the yaad, which, as the name ("union") implies, may have seen itself as a corporate unit, whose holiness depended on the individual holiness of all its members who worked, ate, and studied in communion. JOHN BOWKER "Essenes Hirschfeld's 'Essene Site' is at one of the most beautiful locations in Israel, on a spur overlooking the Oasis, the Dead Sea, and the Moab Mountains. The 'Essene site' in Ein-Gedi. Both Christians and Essenes were eschatological communities -- expecting the imminent transformation of the world. By critically combining the evidence of the Qumran scrolls and the classical sources, the following description can be offered. The Essenes were a New Testament religious sect that existed from the second century B.C. Encyclopedia.com. ), there seems to have been a schism by the more conservative elements among the sdm. In addition to popular Jewish eschatological texts as 1 Enoch and Jubilees, the Qumran community produced a number of works regarding the . The Essenes According to the Classical Sources. Cansdale, Lena. After reading more from the book, WHO ARE THE ESSENES? 555597. Although the Essenes are nowhere mentioned in the New Testament, certain parallels may indicate an indirect influence of this sect on nascent Christianity. Traces of Essenism and Anti-Essenism. think that you can do with some pics to drive the message home 1925. ), Life. The Essenes. This asceticism also manifested itself among those Essenes who were celibate. . 18.1.5), a distrust flowing from their historic protest against its priesthood. John's Disciples - Pharisees - Priests. Includes Bibliography and Index. Philo (De vita contemplativa ) also describes the Egyptian therapeutae, a group like the Essenes. To many people put to much emphasis on what the believe in, they kill for thier religion, they think thier one religion is better than others in a gang like mentality. Following the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls (late 1940s and 1950s) in the vicinity of Khirbat Qumrn, most scholars have agreed that the Qumrn (q.v.) They emphasized observance of the Sabbath and the observance of festivals on the appropriate days, according to their own 364-day calendar, based on the solar year which may explain Josephus' statement that they prayed towards the sun every morning. In looking at this timeline, keep in mind this is hypothetical and involves assumptions. ." Ill certainly be back. The Essenes had some influence on other branches of Judaism. They also had a community in Jerusalem. Dead Sea Scrolls; Judaism, overview article. Bibliography: s. wagner, Die Essener in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion (Berlin 1960), excellent bibliog. As a matter of fact, Palestine in the Second Commonwealth period was replete with various sects and movements, each contributing to the religious ferment of the times. a. baudrillart et al. Since the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the majority of scholars have taken the view that these documents were the library of the Essenes who, accordingly, were settled at Qumran. However, this theory has been disputed by some; for example, Norman Golb argues that the primary research on the Qumran documents and ruins (by Father Roland de Vaux, from the cole Biblique et Archologique de Jrusalem) lacked scientific method, and drew wrong conclusions that comfortably entered the academic canon. James, Jesus' brother, served as the spiritual leader of the Essenes in Jerusalem. Epiphanius (4th century c.e.) Members earned income for the group through various occupations, including agriculture and trades. Children were educated in the ways of the community. That is questioned by some, but others accept the pre-Christian origin of the Nasaraeans. Encyclopedia.com. The following were the main characteristics of the Pharisees: (1) They threw aside God's commandments and made the commandments of men and traditions into doctrines. With the destruction of the province of Judaea following in the wake of the unsuccessful uprising against Rome in 6674 ce, the Essenes disappear from the stage of history. Megillah 4:8[25]) uses to describe various sectarian groups. World Encyclopedia. The Essenes emerged as a separate sect after the. The English "Essene" comes from the first form through the Latin. Oaths were frowned upon, but once taken they could not be rescinded.

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