. Job context factors include all of the following except. e.) safety and self-actualization. Unilever employees more than 170,000 workers globally and has an employ engagement level around 80 percent. Hygiene factors are not directly related to the work itself (job content). Maslow condensed human needs into a manageable set. Content theories explain work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior. b) 25 One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. 6. a) expectancies If the MARR is 20%, which pump should be selected? 56. There are four major process theories: (1) operant conditioning, (2) equity, (3) goal, and (4) expectancy. d) working conditions. Given the success of the program, in 2017 it was expanded to all RBS sites and a smartphone app was added to help employees participate in the challenges (Barton 2017). For example, by providing adequate pay, safe working conditions, and cohesive work groups, employers help employees satisfy their lower-order needs. a. Automation has eliminated many such jobs, but they are still numerous. a) Acquired needs b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards Furthermore, since meeting these needs does not provide satisfaction, Herzberg concludes that they do not motivate workers. 52. the consequences of an individual's behavior. a) Safety Why or why not? a) not possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs To master or make up for a failure by restriving. Content theories tend to: emphasize the direction component of motivation All of the following are process theories of motivation EXCEPT: SDT The term operant conditioning is used to indicate that the learning process is based on the results produced by a person operating on the: environment b) valence A PURCHASE DOES NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. b) Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair To conceal or justify a misdeed, failure, or humiliation. e) Frederick Herzberg. c) Goals are most likely to lead to higher performance when people have the abilities and the feelings of self-efficacy required to accomplish them. b) Social d) Who will be a more appropriate manager for an employee Herzbergs work suggests a two-stage process for managing employee motivation and satisfaction. To speculate, formulate, analyze, and generalize. Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freud's theory EXCEPT: Answers: Selected Answer: c. He relied on correlational methods. They constantly ask how they are doing, sometimes to the point of being a nuisance. For example, it is difficult for researchers to ascertain when interaction with others satisfies our need for acceptance and when it satisfies our need for recognition. To avoid humiliation. To overcome opposition forcefully. trade accounts from customers prepaid expenses cash on hand loan. To revenge an injury. b) Social action therapy h. Therapy style that results from combining elements of several different therapy techniques. (Credit: Stefan Chow/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/14-2-content-theories-of-motivation, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The more we grow, the more we want to grow. To be seen and heard. a) pay a) work itself. b A. Hierarchy-of-needs B.Two-factor motivation C. Achievement motivation D. Equit y The text focuses on three content theories that have received the greatest amount of attention: the hierarchy-of-needs theory, the two-factor motivation theory, and the achievement motivation theory. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth, 64. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on goal-oriented rewards and punishments, top-down goals, goals that are easily stated in objective terms, and individual instead of group goals. b) Esteem d. The theory is unscientific. 1999-2023, Rice University. Manifest needs theory laid the groundwork for later theories, most notably McClellands learned needs theory, that have greatly influenced the study of organizational behavior. b) Equity e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. e) Motivation, If the average worker can produce 25 ornaments an hour, which goal is likely to lead to the best performance? To snub or jilt an object. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. The Anti-Immigration Protests. Hygienes can cause dissatisfaction if they are not present in sufficient levels. token economy i. Accounting and Finance Political Theory (PLH-1) Criminal Law - II (0303) Masters of Business Administration export import (1723) Bsc Nursing (BNurs2011) Bachelors of Business Administration in Finance & Investment Analysis (BBA1) MBA (33A) Contract (140) MBA (CRIM) Bachler of art (eli) English (BCA302) Mechanical Engineering (BE MECH) Trending That is, most people spend much of their lives developing self-esteem and the esteem of others. 48. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job satisfaction EXCEPT: She enjoys feeling a sense of belonging. ______ needs tend to take on higher importance in collectivist societies. Rather than schedule these inspections during regular hours, they consulted with the maintenance workers, who suggested doing the inspections while sections of the subway were closed to trains for seven consecutive hours. b) changing the outcomes received. Once those needs have been satisfied, the next level, social needs, become energized. Or she may not be in the proper environment to solicit behaviors to satisfy the need. Some jobs are by their very nature uninteresting and unlikely to be made interesting. b) Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division. They feel personally responsible for completing whatever tasks they are assigned. Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? Rays beginning and ending accounts receivables balances are $147,990 and$142,720, respectively. Those five human needs, in the order of prepotency in which they direct human behavior, are: Exhibit 14.5 A protester at an anti-war demonstration in Seattle held up this sign. Employees high in nAff should be placed in jobs that require or allow interactions with other employees. b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards To master, manipulate, or organize physical objects, human beings, or ideas. Reinforcement d) specific goals lead to lower performance Herzbergs theory even allows for the possibility that an employee can be satisfied and dissatisfied at the same timethe I love my job but I hate the pay situation! a) Existence c) top-down goals. To surrender. e) feeling of personal growth. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. Competition should be encouraged among employees to find and embrace new goals. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following factors are the sources of job satisfaction? Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices Practice of loving kindness and equanimity (self-control/composure) within context of caring consciousness the amount of effort a person puts forth. In contrast, he can exert a lot of effort and still not catch a fish. Manny is classified as driven by a need for: a. d) Goals are most likely to motivate people toward higher performance when they are accepted and there is commitment to them. To better understand the nAch motive, its helpful to describe high-nAch people. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, Organizational Theory CHAPTER 5-8 Quiz 2 Set, Ch.14 Leader Traits and Behavioral Styles, Nonprofit Managment - Chapter 17 Internationa, Nonprofit Chapter 16 - Social Entrepreneurshi, Nonprofit Chapter 15 - Government Grants and, Nonprofit Management Chapter 14 - Earned Inco, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, Combo with Phonology and Acqusition and 1 oth. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards But managers use theory every day. As shown in Exhibit 14.7, the ERG model addresses the same needs as those identified in Maslows work: Exhibit 14.8 identifies a number of ways in which organizations can help their members satisfy these three needs. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. Matching b. Verifiability c . A kind of mirroring of clients' statements. As we increasingly satisfy our existence needs, we direct energy toward relatedness needs. d) Social and esteem The answer is, the success of many organizations is dependent on the nAch levels of their employees.6 This is especially true for jobs that require self-motivation and managing others. According to Maslow, when lower-level needs are reactivated, we once again concentrate on that need. Think of this in terms of hobbies. d) Clayton Alderfer Intrinsic rewards satisfy higher-order needs like relatedness and growth in ERG theory. According to Maslow, Nicole is driven by which of these needs? c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. d) Motivation-hygiene theory 54. d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. Hygiene needs, on the other hand, must be met to avoid dissatisfaction (but do not necessarily provide satisfaction or motivation).15. High-nAff people like to be around other people, including other people at work. a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. The degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied is known as __________. Do you study at Liberty University? Ans: e Page: 102 Question 16 Characteristics of "good" theories discussed in class include all of the following, except: A good theory should be clearly stated All else constant, the simplest possible explanation for a phenomenon is preferable O A good theory does not need to be rigorously tested Its constructs should be able to be operationalized A good theory should include all important predictor variables A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. E) an attitudinal trait. Earrings Depot records bad debt using the allowance, balance sheet method. c) valence is high and expectancy and instrumentality are low d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence c. reorganizing experience. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. Therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome problems by learning to think more rationally and logically. nondirectivec. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. c) Assumed positive inequity Factors inside the person that cause people to perform tasks, intrinsic motivation, arise out of performing a task in and of itself, because it is interesting or fun to do. b) difficult goals frustrate workers A disaster may be domestic or international b. They look at motivation from the perspective of our needs and aspirations. To influence or direct the behavior of others by suggestion, seduction, persuasion, or command. d) the order of needs in the hierarchy may differ across cultures. 59. Four componentssatisfaction progression, frustration, frustration regression, and aspirationare key to understanding Alderfers ERG theory. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? d) psychologically distorting the comparisons. ______________ is classified as a content theory. Further, the evidence accumulated provided only partial support. e) What work environment will suit an employee's personality better, b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior, 62. More specifically, Herzberg believes these motivators lead to high performance (achievement), and the high performance itself leads to satisfaction. According to Alderfer, which needs reflect a desire for satisfying interpersonal relationships? Do you think most companies CSR programs are essentially PR gimmicks? Exhibit 14.6 illustrates Maslows proposed hierarchy of needs. Solve the application problem involving cash and trade discounts. c) internalized negative inequity Need-based theories describe motivated behavior as individual efforts to meet needs. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. This is in contrast to the thousands of needs that earlier researchers had identified, and also fewer than Murray identified in his theory. d.) esteem and physiological. In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences. That is, we are motivated by intrinsic rewards, rewards that we more or less give ourselves. b) perceived positive inequity Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. Individual therapy meets the standard of best practices when it includes all of the following EXCEPT. When theyre present in sufficient quantities, we avoid dissatisfaction, but they do not contribute to satisfaction. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. But what if Lucretia also has a need to dominate others? To please and win affection of a coveted object. McClellands other power seeker is the social power seeker. and more. d. A disaster may have a known and gradual onset Disasters frequently result in all of the following EXCEPT a. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________. esteem, social, and You can think of content theories of motivation as focusing on WHAT will motivate us. As you would expect, high-nAff people are very sociable. c. mainly by accident. A high social power seeker satisfies needs for power by influencing others, like the personal power seeker. Exam will be online Sunday, May 14, 2023 d) Higher-order They want to know whether they have achieved or not. Such actions enhance intrinsic rewards. Motivator factors involve our long-term need to pursue psychological growth (much like Maslows esteem and self-actualization needs). exports to Europe? This need is oriented toward fulfilling responsibilities to the employer, not to the self. At the end of the pilot, 95 percent of the employees reported that they felt the program had contributed to employee engagement, team building, and environmental stability. c) Cells share similar chemical composition. Content theories are also sometimes called needs theories. McClelland has argued that the high need for social power is the most important motivator for successful managers. Sustainability should be visible both within and outside the company. Maslow was a psychologist who, based on his early research with primates (monkeys), observations of patients, and discussions with employees in organizations, theorized that human needs are arranged hierarchically. The Prison Expansion Era. The need for affiliation (nAff) reflects a desire to establish and maintain warm and friendly relationships with other people. Match leadership to the conditions at hand. 36. 55. Maintaining good relationships with their coworkers is important to them, so they go to great lengths to make the work group succeed because they fear rejection. B) an individual's intensity, direction and persistence. e) expectancy or instrumentality or valence equals zero, d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by clarifying performance-reward relationships and confirming these relationships when rewards are actually given for performance accomplishments. c) affiliation Management theories include methods and practices that companies follow to manage their employees and maintain good employee relations effectively. The cell membrane is composed. That is, we lose interest in the higher-level needs when lower-order needs are energized. To seek enjoyable relaxation from stress. It basically states that people will do those things for which they are rewarded and will avoid doing things for which they are punished. Which of the following statements about goal setting is INCORRECT? Lastly, the aspiration component of the ERG model notes that, by its very nature, growth is intrinsically satisfying. In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. High social power seekers are concerned with goals that a work group has set for itself, and they are motivated to influence others to achieve the goal. c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. Creative Commons Attribution License The theories then discuss motivation in terms of filling these needs. c) Expectancy Vroom's expectancy theory argues that work motivation is determined by an individual's beliefs regarding the linkage between effort and performance, the linkage between performance and work outcomes, and the value placed on those work outcomes.

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