Mastery Trigger: For each of these "Steps" the surgeon rates his Self-mastery on the scale listed below. Coccydynia is often reported following a fall or after childbirth. Coccydynia. Wolters Kluwer Health A coccyx fracture is a break in the tailbone. A fractured coccyx can be a very painful acute or chronic ordeal and may not resolve for a long duration. An injury or trauma may cause inflammation of the coccyx, but it may occur seemingly spontaneously. Then slowly return to the center and rotate toward the right side. <5 this means immobility or better say rigid mobility. Target Content: Would you like email updates of new search results? Summary. when you sit down or stand up. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Track residents' Medical Knowledge progress through monthly diagnostic Milestone exams and other custom exams. At-home remedies for tailbone pain (coccydynia) include: Taking a NSAID like ibuprofen to reduce pain and swelling. The coccyx is the small bone located at the very bottom of your spine. [1], If the pain persists, other treatments may be applied. [7] A smaller angle indicates the coccyx being more parallel to the seat, resulting in flexion (or normal movement) of the coccyx. learn more efficiently by decreasing redundancy in the future. The coccyx is broken by a direct blow, such as a fall on the buttocks. Coccydynia is a medical term meaning pain in the coccyx or tailbone area,[1] often brought on by a fall onto the coccyx or by persistent irritation usually from sitting. We will do our best to make sure a PDF is provided. An official website of the United States government. This is the lowest part of the spine. (skill of easier complexity level), has completed on the Preparatory Tasks, and has Self-Mastered to 80%. Coccydynia: an overview of the anatomy, etiology, and treatment of coccyx pain. Save FTE hours across your entire team when generating ACGME Biannual reports. The term was used in practice for the first time by Simpson in 1859, although was described as early as 1600s. They work with the patients and strive at their best to help and make a person better. Coccygectomy with or without periosteal resection. This technique often produces 5075% relief of coccyx pain.3 The patient above obtained 100% pain relief, without any subsequent recurrence. Patel R, Appannagari A, Whang PG. The classic presentation of a coccyx fracture is localized pain over the coccyx. High Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores prior to treatment, Type in at least one full word to see suggestions list, Orthopaedic Summit Evolving Techniques 2021, Pro: I Am For Alternative Non-Surgical Treatment: PMR, Steroids & Pain Medicine - It Will Do The Trick - Sheena Bhuva, MD, California Orthopaedic Association Annual Meeting - 2018, Do Pathologic Changes on Imaging Studies Make Spines More Vulnerable to Injury? Coccydynia: A Review of Pathoanatomy, Aetiology, Treatment, and Outcome. If tailbone pain is persistent or severe, additional non-surgical treatment options for coccydynia may include: Injection. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox, Articles in PubMed by Patrick M. Foye, MD, Articles in Google Scholar by Patrick M. Foye, MD, Other articles in this journal by Patrick M. Foye, MD, Pressure Pain Threshold in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, A Randomized Control Trial of Comparing Ultrasound-Guided Ozone (O, Effectiveness of Kinesiotaping and Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection in Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Transverse Myelitis and Syrinx Formation Caused by Varicella-Zoster Infection, HIGH LUMBAR DISC: Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemma, Privacy Policy (Updated December 15, 2022). Anterior angulation of the coccyx may be a normal variant but poses a diagnostic challenge for those considering coccygeal trauma.. Copyright 2023 Lineage Medical, Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction. Coccygodynia is a rare condition in that causes pain in and around the coccyx (tailbone . dynamic stress films or weight bearing radiograph, superior than standard radiograph because it can detect measurement of the sagittal rotation of the pelvis and the coccygeal angle of incidence, rigid coccyx with a spicule or spur at its tip, bursa along the dorsal surface of the coccyx, presence of fluid collection within the sacrococcygeal synchondrosis, large draining vein on the ventral coccyx, any inflammation or soft tissue abnormalities around the coccyx, Conservative treatment includes rest, coccygeal cushion, physiotherapy and massage. Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS): What It Is and How to Avoid Pain after Surgery, What Causes Buttock Muscle Pain and How to Relieve it, Piriformis Syndrome: When the Symptoms Indicate a Medical Emergency, Massage to Reduce Buttock Muscle Pain from Piriformis Syndrome, Suffering from Lumbar Spinal Stenosis? The aim of this article was to evaluate the results of patients operated for chronic coccydynia, and determine any factors that could affect outcomes. Thiele applied this treatment to a series of 169 coccydynia patients, and reported 63% cured.[10]. Make sure residents reach their ACGME Patient Target levels through our competency-based skill tracking and evaluation system. Copyright 2023 Lineage Medical, Inc. All rights reserved. Target Content: In type II this forward curvature is more dramatic and the apex extends forward. Level of evidence: Bilgic S, Kurklu M, Yurtta Y, et al. 2) VIDEOS - only Orthobullets Technique Videos count. Therefore, you are at 20%. Throughout her follow-up visits for unrelated conditions, she has continued to report 100% relief of her coccyx symptoms, without any coccydynia recurrence even 1 yr later. and transmitted securely. A fractured coccyx can be a very painful acute or chronic ordeal and may not resolve for a long duration. The last three segments diminish in size and usually form a single piece of bone. An obese 70-yr-old woman presented with severe focal coccyx pain (coccydynia) after sitting on the relatively narrow seat of a stationary bike. A Review of Current Treatment Options for Coccygodynia. Enhance and align your medical knowledge training with our Core Curriculum and stay on the same page as your residents. Fracture can also occur from repetitive or prolonged sitting on hard, narrow, or uncomfortable surfaces,particularly with osteoporotic bones. A study of 2000 cases of back pain referred to hospital found that 2.7% were diagnosed as coccydynia. Then, your doctor will remove the cartilage that wraps around and protects the coccyx (known as the periosteum). Your message has been successfully sent to your colleague. (SBQ12SP.19) The coccyx can be composed of several sections of 2 or more bones each. 1048 plays. While the surgery itself is a relatively straight-forward operation, recovery from the surgery can be a long and uncomfortable process for the patient. Please try again soon. 2. This is a retrospective cohort study. You can rate this topic again in 12 months. There are no muscles to dissect away. ACGME Patient Care Levels derived from cumulative Point-of-Care Grades on a 1000+ competency-based skill evaluations. Perhaps the biggest risk is continued pain in the coccyx post-operatively, meaning that the patient has endured the long healing process and still has not had improvement in the symptoms. Watched surgical "Step" but not involved. Please enable scripts and reload this page. . The rate of post-operative infections was reduced from 10% to 2% by increasing the duration of prophylactic postoperative antibiotics from 24 to 48 hours (P = 0.018). We know surgeons can teach themselves most surgical skills by passive observation and trying on their own. The pain is a result of excessive, too little or abnormal movement of the joint. A 35-year-old female presents for evaluation of new onset lumbar spine pain. Your surgeon will then remove the entire coccyx, effectively silencing pain. 2020;40(4):1090-106. [3] Childbirth is rarely responsible for actually causing a fracture of the tailbone. A series of Core Videos will help residents take what they are reading, Learning topics is best accomplished in layers. Individuals who have experienced direct trauma to the coccyx and a suspected or confirmed fracture, may also experience Coccydynia. There are common pathophysiological ways that a person may develop coccydynia. Her symptoms persisted for many weeks, despite oral analgesics, use of additional cushions while sitting, and cessation of cycling. Sagittal coccygeal movement is measured using the angle of incidenceor the angle at which the coccyx strikes the seat when an individual sits down. Get a free expert review. Target Content: Read More . Coccydynia may also be caused by sitting improperly thereby straining the coccyx. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 04 Mar 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-31409, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":31409,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/coccydynia/questions/1609?lang=us"}. Coccygodynia: evaluation and management. Foye, Patrick M. MD; Buttaci, Charles J. Coccydynia is a painful condition that may be idiopathic or related to trauma or childbirth or that may occur without any identifiable cause. Only Orthobullets "Tested" articles count as target content. Pelvic floor exercises, with particular focus on the relaxation of Levator ani. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Ebouda F, Gaillard F, Hacking C, et al. type I: the coccyx is curved slightly forward, with its apex pointing caudally (~70%) type II: the coccyx is curved more markedly anteriorly, with its apex pointing straight forward (~15%) Accessibility treated differently - a question can still be a great educational tool even though it is a "bad question" from a diagnostic perspective. Aetiology and treatment. Wray CC, Easom S, Hoskinson J. Coccydynia. However, our physicians will be offering ONLINE appointments during this time to address your medical needs. 4. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies of a Technique textbook, which we feel should be read prior to attempting to do a surgical skill. chocolate pudding incident rugrats; stabbing pain in left groin female; leningradets vs fc zenit 2 st petersburg; recipes with cocoa powder no sugar; jeannie russell bill russell wife; deck mounted skylight; cleveland clinic london news; The procedure often takes less than 5 mins. Ochsner J 2014; 14:8487. The site is secure. Hence, the term coccydynia translates to coccyx pain. Sync your program's lecture schedule with the Orthobullets 365-Day Core Curriculum. The possibility exists, but more often, birth-related coccyx pain is the result of bruising, rather than fracture[1]. Methods. Get Veritas Health Newsletters delivered to your inbox. osteoporosis and other degenerative bone diseases. Imaging Coccygeal Trauma and Coccydynia. For this reason, patient selection is crucial to a positive surgical outcome. Mastery Trigger: Shortly, only "Core Videos" that Travel Hacks to Manage Back and Neck Pain, Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion (ACCF), Posterolateral Gutter Spine Fusion Surgery, Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS). Identify your areas of strength with our monthly diagnostic Milestone Exams. The lateral borders of the coccyx are very thin and provide attachments to the sacrosciatic ligaments and attachments for the coccygeus muscles anterior to the ligaments and fibres of the gluteus maximus posterior to the ligaments. While the surgery itself is a relatively straight-forward operation, recovery from the surgery can be a long and uncomfortable process for the patient. Treatment results were compared to their preoperative state, and any complications or reoperations were recorded and analyzed. sacral insufficiency fracture. Coccydynia is also known as coccygodynia or tailbone pain. Coupled with manual trauma to the coccyx from childbirth, this can lead to chronic pain. However, the tailbone does serve as the point of attachment for several key muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Int Orthop 2010; 34:537541. 59 (6): 1414-9. DISH (Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis) - Spine - Orthobullets. Disclaimer. Orthobullets has carefully created a series of tasks that we believe a resident should complete in preparation for a skill. X-rays are done in both standing and sitting positions. 2 Mastery Trigger: The information is produced and reviewed by over 200 medical professionals with the goal of providing trusted, uniquely informative information for people with painful health conditions. Get Veritas Health Newsletters delivered to your inbox. Reduce with ankle plantarflexed, then hindfoot inversion/eversion. coccydynia. Currently all cases linked to a topic count as target cases. Scientists believe that the coccyx may represent the ancient remnants of a tail something that we lost over many millennia of evolution. [ 1] (. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2018 Mar 19;22(4):28. doi: 10.1007/s11916-018-0683-7. The coccyx is located at the base of the spine, under the sacrum. "Causes and Mechanisms of Common Coccydynia: Role of Body Mass Index and Coccygeal Trauma." Track your residents though a Technique Guides & Skillmaster of 150+ procedures with videos, articles, quizzes and self-mastery tracking. From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New JerseyNew Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey. The most common of these includes: Fortunately, there are a number of effective ways that you can treat coccydynia at home. Causes of pain in the coccygeal region include: infection including shingles of the buttocks, ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Hanley EN, Ode G, Jackson Iii BJ, Seymour R. Bone Joint J. Because women have a tendency to develop coccydynia 5 times as often as men, coccydynia was once believed to be a form of female hysteria. Now, we know that coccygeal pain can result from many causes. Physiopedia articles are best used to find the original sources of information (see the references list at the bottom of the article). Eur Spine J 2013; 22:863870. (Chronic coccyx pain is termed coccydynia). Currently all videos linked to a topic count in this counter. Orthopaedic surgeons commonly inject corticosteroids into the painful joint. Activities that put pressure on the affected area are bicycling, horseback riding, and other activities such as increased sitting that put direct stress on the coccyx. There is no definite way to fully prevent coccyx pain because an accident can occur at any given time. Buttaci CJ, Foye PM, Stitik TP: Coccydynia successfully treated with ganglion impar blocks: A case series. Results. 4. getting up from a seated position. It can occur at any age, the mean age of onset being around 40. Enhance your operative skills through Self Mastery Skillmaster tracker, and Technique Guide. Temporary or permanent nerve blocks are sometimes applied in cases of coccydynia. (OBQ11.119) White WD, Avery M, Jonely H, Mansfield JT, Sayal PK, Desai MJ. Here at Physical Synergy we aim to educate our patients about non-surgical, natural solutions to common everyday health problems in order to motivate individuals to take a more of an active approach towards restoring and maintaining their health. Coccygectomy surgery is rarely recommended and performed. Obtain Long Term Pain Relief. Did surgical "Step" start to finish under close supervision. Ensure a higher quality of care in the OR by identifying which residents are ready for advanced procedures. While it is unlikely, it is possible that if this were to happen, a diverting colostomy would be necessary to allow the rectum to heal. Manual treatment is carried out by repeated massage of the muscles attached to the coccyx, via the anus. Lower back pain or pain radiating to the legs . All correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Patrick M. Foye, MD, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UMDNJNew Jersey Medical School, 90 Bergen Street, DOC-3100, Newark, NJ 07103-2499. The protective cartilage over the bone (the periosteum) is dissected from the bone starting on the back and carried around the front. [9] This type of pain occurs five times more frequently in women than in men. Memorizing topics lays the foundation of knowledge needed to eventually apply knowledge and think critically. Track and sort subjective comments from comments by faculty in multiple locations. This page should be read alongside our Coccydynia page. Postacchini F, Massobrio M. Idiopathic coccygodynia. This can take eight to twelve weeks. Data is temporarily unavailable. Modified wedge-shaped cushions (coccygeal cushions) can relieve the pressure on the coccyx while the patient is seated. Low back pain affects 50-80% of population in lifetime, second only to respiratory infection as cause to visit doctors office, infection (IV drug user, h/o of fever and chills), cauda equina syndrome (bowel/bladder changes), 90% of low back pain resolves within one year, characterized by stiffness and difficulty bending, worse with activity such as lifting objects and prolonged standing, pain in buttock and legs that is worse with prolonged standing, due to injury of spinal cord (~ L1 or above). Some believe a two-month course of non-surgical treatment is sufficient, while others suggest non-surgical treatment should be tried for between three and eight months before surgery is advisable. If the above treatments do not help manage or alleviate coccyx pain, additional treatments administered by a doctor, chiropractor, or other medical professional may be necessary. [11] Two months after the injection, 50% of the patients with luxation or hypermobility were improved or healed, but only 27% of the patients with no visible abnormality improved. Please try after some time. Mastery Trigger: leaning back while seated. Call 911 and avoid moving the person if they have signs of spinal cord injury along with a tailbone injury caused by a fall. In rare cases, a patients pain does not respond to non-surgical treatments and surgery on the coccyx may be considered. Talar fracture. Physical rectal examination, high resolution x-rays and MRI scans can rule out various causes unrelated to the coccyx, such as Tarlov cysts and pain referred from higher up the spine. Elkhashab Y, Ng A. 1 The above patient's symptoms . 1999-2023 Veritas Health, LLC. Tailbone pain, or coccydynia, can be a dull ache or a sharp pain at the bottom of your spine. Roberts CS. Mastery Trigger: Generate ACGME Medical Knowledge levels through testing data, rather than through expensive and inefficient faculty evaluations. The coccyx can be composed of several . 1 The mechanism of injury, if identified, may include trauma (e.g., falls, childbirth, horseback riding). evidence, and to think critically. Fracture of base of second metatarsal is pathognomonic. If the pain relates to the coccyx, this should produce immediate relief. See Treatment and Medication.) The coccyx attaches to the sacrum from the dorsal grooves, with the attachment being either a symphysis or as a true synovial joint, and also to the gluteus maximus muscle, the coccygeal muscle, and the anococcygeal ligament. relief of symptoms after corticosteroid injection. Did read the conclusion of Abstract & Bullets and highlighted some parts of it. In many cases the exact cause is unknown and is referred to as idiopathic coccydynia. Furthermore, due to the nature of the coccyx structure, many tailbone fractures are not immediately diagnosed. in small blocks of time in the hospital when you might otherwise not study. (1983) The Journal of bone and joint surgery. Coccygodynia: evaluation and management. No pathologic reflexes are detected. 6,600+Free Board Style Questions in modern Qbank, 5,000+Referenced Journal Articles with 100s of PDFs, 1,300+Educational Presentation and Technique Videos, 2,500+ Shared Cases with million physician votes & comments. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted There are many causes of tailbone pain that can mimic tailbone pain (coccydynia), including. A 41-year-old male presents with acute onset of low back pain that started when he was trying to lift a heavy box while helping his brother move apartments two days ago. 31 (13): E414-20. ??accessibility.screen-reader.external-link_en_US?? Spine Infections, Tumors, & Systemic Conditions. He has no neurologic deficits. Know your condition? Next Page: He should have reached a Level 5 by the time he has completed his fellowship. However, imaging can aid in determining potential causes of pain to help guide management. Got question incorrect. There are four different orientations for the coccyx, as described by Postacchini and Massobrio. Commonly, coccydynia (coccygodynia) occurs after trauma and appears with normal imaging features at static neutral radiography, but dynamic imaging with standing and . Even if the correct answer is outdated, it is important to know that historically a condition was The medical condition is often characterized by pain that worsens with constipation and may be relieved with bowel movement. to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without The coccyx is then removed. The adductor magnus is involved in the kneeling groin stretch, and when it is tight it can contribute to tailbone pain, so stretching can help prevent tailbone pain. Since sitting on the affected area may aggravate the condition, a cushion with a cutout at the back under the coccyx is recommended. We recognize some of the AAOS SAE questions are dated and need improvement. Four types of coccyx have been described:. In traumatic coccydynia the joint may heal spontaneously over weeks or months, injections of local anesthetic and steroid, radiofrequency ablation of coccygeal discs and ganglion impar, removal of the coccyx by surgery either partial or total (coccygectomy) in refractory cases, limited coccygectomy may to resect a mobile segment 5. Thank you. Which of the following is the strongest negative predictor for a successful clinical outcome with non-operative treatment? Have never seen this article, and therefore you are at 0%. See Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS): What It Is and How to Avoid Pain after Surgery. Our award-winning doctors, like Dr. Douglas Slaughter, specialize coccygectomy and minimally invasive relief options for tailbone pain! 1) STEPS - reading the Orthobullets "Steps" of a skill that have been created by orthobullets. While you can learn a lot by reading on your own, didactic lectures from experts always highlights what From the torso, rotate slowly toward the left side of the body until the arms are almost in line with the legs. Our Bullets* App syncs with Peak so you can learn 5. Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer. Create subspecialty exams from a pool of 5000 orthobullets and AAOS SAE questions. Forgot password? Therefore, you are at 40%. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. As a senior resident you should focus more on operative treatment, techniques, and complications. Shortly, target cases will only include Orthobullets has done the hard work of filtering for the evidence of which you need to be aware. If your hospital, university, trust or other institution provides access to BMJ Best Practice through services such as OpenAthens or Shibboleth, log in via this button: Access through . Nathan ST. Fisher BE. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. Synonyms. Maigne, J., Doursounian, L., & Chatellier, G. (2000). For example, there are hockey pants that provide extra cushion that protect the thigh, coccyx, and buttocks. Patients present complaining of tailbone pain.. Have never seen surgical "Step" performed. Conclusion: Have your CCC review ACGME Medical Knowledge levels virtually with the ability to override values based on other sources of performance data. [2] Other ways that coccydynia develops are partial dislocation of the sacrococcygeal synchondrosis that can possibly result in abnormal movement of the coccyx from excessive sitting, and repetitive trauma of the surrounding ligaments and muscles, resulting in inflammation of tissues and pain. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Dynamic (standing and sitting) radiography is the most important investigation but is not widely available. Take notes and highlight so you don't forget what you learned. Now highlight the key tested concept in the explanation and highlight the key clinical findings in the conclusion of the referenced article abstracts to advance to 60%. Bullets* contains medbullets and orthobullets Topics, Questions, Techniques, Cases, Videos, and Evidence. 2008;1(3-4):223-6. Physical examination revealed exquisite focal tenderness during palpation of the coccyx and sacrococcygeal junction, reproducing her presenting symptoms. Using a wedge-shaped gel cushion or coccygeal cushion (a "donut" pillow) when sitting. Orthobullets Techniques are largerly incomplete at this time, and will see rapid improvement J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 2010; 92-B: 1622-7. 70 (5): 649-53. The .gov means its official. government site. In our opinion, only then is a resident ready to engage a faculy and have the most productive teaching/learning experience in the OR. Coccydynia is a fairly common injury which can often result from falls, particularly in sports such as cycling, skateboarding, skating or ice hockey. If there is tailbone pain with bowel movements, then stool softeners and increased fiber in the diet may help. Coccygodynia, sometimes referred to as coccydynia, coccalgia, coccygeal neuralgia or tailbone pain, is the term used to describe the symptoms of pain that occur in the region of the coccyx. Coccydyniarefers to pain in and among the area of the coccyx. Decreasing sitting time. Make sure OITE scores stay high and all residents pass ABOS Part 1. They include: Anti-inflammatory medications such as NSAIDS may be prescribed. Vote on case polls AND add supporting evidence via Pubmed Insert Evidence Tool. BB is the author of some studies referenced in this topic. Epub 2017 Sep 15. Too much more or too much less, can be a sign of a problem. Surgeons may take slightly different approaches to the operation. The main focus is to prevent coccyx pain from occurring, by correcting everyday activities that contribute to tailbone pain. Bad posture can influence coccyx pain. In most cases Physiopedia articles are a secondary source and so should not be used as references. It is characterized by coccygeal pain which is typically provocated by pressure. Pain may be worse with sitting or worse when rolling over in bed. "Clinical and radiological differences between traumatic and idiopathic coccygodynia", "Coccydynia/Levator Syndrome, A Therapeutic Test", www.coccyx.org, website about coccydynia causes, treatments and coping with the condition, Coccyx pain, tailbone pain, coccydynia review article at eMedicine via Medscape, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coccydynia&oldid=1137197005, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 31% Not possible to identify the cause of pain, 27% Hypermobility (excessive flexing of the coccyx forwards and upwards when sitting), 22% Posterior luxation (partial dislocation of the coccyx backwards when sitting), 5% Anterior luxation (partial dislocation of the coccyx forwards when sitting), This page was last edited on 3 February 2023, at 09:25. Teaching cases are the "cadillac" of learning to apply medical knowledge, the latest evidence, It remains an unsolved mystery because of the perceived unpredictability of the origin of the pain, some psychological traits that may be associated with the disorder, the presence of diverse treatment options, and varied outcomes. Increase faculty engagement by streamlining evaluations. Accurate ACGME levels AND summative faculty feedback the residents want. The overall success rate was 71%, defined by patients being either completely well or much better at final follow-up.

Boronia High School, Barclays Organisational Structure, Join Class Action Lawsuit Against Vaccine Mandate, Why Does Yahoo Mail Say No Internet Connection, Tacklife T8 Beeping, Articles C